I’ve taken a daily multi-vitamin for most of my adult years, especially when we were living overseas.

First I used the hard vitamin tablets until I heard from a Doctor that absorption of those vitamins was especially low. I was taking vitamins, but not much was getting into my system.

So I switched to a liquid vitamin with better absorption rates. While more was getting into my system because of liquidity, the absorption time was still 18 hours from ingestion to reaching my cells, and much of it was still passing out of my body.

Recently I have switched to a new product which is a breakthrough in vitamin absorption and antioxidant power, both at the same time!



How would you feel if you knew that, in addition to this daily regimen of vitamins and minerals, you are also getting a combination of botanicals that power up three more of your antioxidants

Glutathione Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Catalase

 

IMAGINE IF YOU COULD RIP OFF THE CAP OF A 1 OUNCE POUCH CONTAINER CHOCKED FULL OF GOOD TASTING VITAMINS AND MINERALS



 squeeze all of that into your mouth slosh it around for 30 seconds and swallow

 

Then realize that it is moving directly into your blood stream to your cells to give you the nutrients you need for your day!

But not only that…

With Glutathione being the foremost antioxidant in your body, these 2 additional anti-oxidants work in harmony with Glutathione to

remove toxins, handle inflammation, strengthen your immune system, create more energy, and give you an overall better quality-of-life

 

THIS BREAKTHROUGH IS DUE TO NANO-TECHNOLOGY!   Through the use of Nano-technology applied to nutrition, nano-sized nutrient particles are embedded within purified water clusters.

These water clusters, with the tiny nano-sized nutrients in them, are capable of passing through the bloodstream directly into tissues at the cellular level — bypassing the normal digestive process.

Therefore, all of this nutrition gets into your cells almost immediately — not 18 hours later, if at all!

Dr. Tracy Holdford*, an expert in Nanotechnology, and consultant on this product, said this about the amazing breakthrough:

“This product is one of a few truly cutting-edge products on the market. It is a two-part product with a proven set of botanicals and a sound supply of vitamins and minerals.”

(*Dr. Holdford has degrees in Microbiology, Physics, Inorganic Chemistry, Biochemistry, Environmental Chemistry, and Muscular Therapies, including PhD’s in Inorganic Chemistry, Biochemistry, Theology and Philosophy, and Nuclear Physics.)

So, if you are taking other multi-vitamins why not consider switching to this cutting edge product and get more than simply a multi-vitamin — get a guarantee that your daily vitamin is getting into your system and doing some good.

Also gain the extra advantage of strengthening your anti-oxidants and cell function. All of that in one product.





By: Pat Fenn

Fructooligosaccharides, which shall henceforth be referred to as FOS for obvious reasons, are sugars with chemical linkages known as osidic covalent bonds that resist enzymic hydrolysisis, and so are broken down by neither the salivary nor the digestive enzymes. In other words, they are indigestible.

However, before discussing the biochemistry further, let’s have a look at what they can be used for. Your body depends upon certain bacteria for its health. These are essential to help break down and digest certain foods, and also to provide a resistance to disease and infection. FOS is what is known as a prebiotic, which used to feed these friendly bacteria. Just like any other living organism, bacteria require nourishment and while they get plenty of food from our own diet, especially from the fiber content, they find FOS particularly appetizing.

Because fructooligosaccharides cannot be digested, it passes unchanged into the colon, where these bacteria live. As they break down the FOS and live on it, they multiply, and create an environment in your lower intestine that is hostile to many harmful bacteria such as Clostridia and E. coli. However, it is not only these harmful bacteria that cause problems with your digestion since there many other agents that can interfere with the smooth functioning of your gastrointestinal tract.

People all over the world are continually suffering from both minor and very serious digestive problems, ranging from heartburn and upset stomachs to severe diarrhea, Crohn’s disease, irritable bowel syndrome and even bowel cancers. There is a multitude of reasons for that such as the effects of aging, poor diet and bacteria from contaminated food. Organic foodstuffs do not last long in many warm countries, and while spices can be used to hide the taste, they are not always successful in killing off the bacteria.

Your health depends on a healthy digestive system, and when that is wrong then you will feel ill. If your digestive system is running below par, then you will not feel good, and could suffer from a wide range of symptoms, including tiredness, nausea, constipation, diarrhea, fevers and depression. The health of your intestinal tract in particular is often neglected, and most people need to do something to give it a boost and improve its, and their, overall health.

That is what FOS can do. And it can do more than just feed friendly bacteria: it can help you maintain regular bowel movements, maintain healthy blood sugar levels, maintain a healthy immune system, break down hormones and rebuild them again (it is useful for the relief of the symptoms of PMS) and to keep down the cholesterol and fatty acid levels in your blood. It is used to feed beneficial bacteria, not to replace them, and if you are on a probiotic supplement, you can take FOS along with it.

Fructooligosaccharides are also used as artificial sweeteners, and alternative names for them oligofructan and oligofructose. There are two classes of FOS, the first of which is produced commercially by the chemical or enzymic degradation of inulin, a polymer of D-fructose linkages terminated with D-glucose. This is produced commercially predominantly in Belgium and Holland, and it also occurs naturally in chicory and Jerusalem artichoke, and in lesser amounts in bananas, garlic, tomatoes and onions.

The second class of FOS is produced mainly in Japan. This is produced by a process known as the transfructosylation of a B-fructosidase from saccharose or aspergillus niger, a black mould found on onions and grapes. This is basically the same as the first class, although the chemical bonds are in different places.

While they resist breakdown by enzymes, they are fermented in the colon by anaerobic bacteria, bacteria that work in the absence of oxygen. Because they are fairly soluble, they can be added to dairy products such as yoghurt and used to feed the bacteria contained in the yoghurt. In fact many supplements containing acidophilus bacteria are fortified with FOS: you drink the bacteria along with its food.

Although FOS is only now assuming increasingly popularity in the West, it has been used as a dietary supplement in Japan for many years. Some of the specific health benefits that FOS coveys by promoting the health of essential bacteria, are:

Calcium and Magnesium Absorption

There have been several studies that have concluded that FOS and inulin improve the absorption of calcium in the intestine of both animals and humans. The fermentation of the FOS by bacteria reduces the pH of the gut, which increases the solubility of these minerals and hence extracts more of them from food. The increased solubility also helps them to be more easily absorbed through the intestinal wall into the bloodstream. FOS can therefore help to maintain bone density and prevent osteoporosis.

Strengthened Immune System

By taking a supplement of FOS, you can increase the density of friendly bacteria in your gut fivefold in a matter of weeks. This crowds out harmful bacteria, and so the level of toxins in your body is reduced. Your immune system is allowed to work properly to fight of infection and disease without having to work hard on keeping down the harmful bacteria in your gut.

Promotes Regularity

Apart from being a food for bacteria, since it is not digestible FOS is also a soluble fiber that draws water into your colon, and so promotes easy transport of feces by the peristaltic pumping action of the intestinal muscles. It also absorbs excess water in the chyme and feces and so helps to prevent diarrhea. Furthermore, improving the health of the friendly bacteria also improves your digestive health that also promotes regularity.

Increased Energy

The fermentation of FOS by bacteria produces gases and acids. These acids help the body to produce energy, and although not a massive energy boost, when allied to the improved digestion it is significant.

All of these benefits and more suggest that FOS is highly recommended in the event of sporadic and chronic gastrointestinal problems. It is a natural substance that does not have a direct influence on your body’s biochemistry, but promotes the health and reproduction of those bacteria that do have a significant influence on intestinal health. Add that to the added benefits discussed above, and FOS is one of these supplements that could almost be called essential.





By: Darrell Miller

Through online biochemistry degrees, you can learn about the molecular makeup of the living world. The degree helps in studying the effects of chemical and biological reactions on biological systems, practices for obtaining, studying and recovering information, and the role and arrangement of molecules and biological systems.

You can start your program by beginning a survey of subjects like physiology, cell and molecular biology, and microbiology. Later, you can study advanced areas like enzyme actions, gene regulation, metabolism, and cell communication. You can then specialize in one or more of these areas of study. The programs help students to understand the cell as a functioning chemical system. It examines the communication between cells and the internal chemistry of cells.

Biochemistry specialization is into four distinct sections - macromolecular metabolism, nutritional biochemistry, molecular biology, and physical biochemistry. After graduating in these programs, you can look forward to work in the field of healthcare and medicine. You can also pursue graduate degrees or advanced studies in various biochemistry fields. There is also a high demand for jobs in biotechnology firms, scientific publishing, medicine, molecular biochemistry, pharmacology, or veterinary medicine.

Biochemistry degree involves research and study in chemistry, physics, and biology. The curriculum include plant biotechnology, molecular evolution, bioorganic chemistry, the plant genome, signal transduction and biochemical regulation, general biochemistry, genome maintenance and stability, methods in gene regulation, neuroscience, and physical biochemistry.

Ashford University offers General Biology Degrees. Berdan Institute, Illinois Institute of Technology, Keiser University, and Medix offer biochemistry degrees too. Lehigh University offers online degrees like Master of Science in Molecular Biology. You can learn about molecular biology, evolutionary microbial, and animal and plants molecular heredity. The courses also teach you about cells biology, regulating of genes expressions, development of genetics, and virology.

At Saint Joseph, you can get a Masters in Biology. The courses are taught through CD-ROM’s which feature image, video, and audio lecturing material. The University of Maryland offers Master’s in Life Science. University of Nebraska at Kearney offers Master’s in the Science of Biology along with credit time programs.

At University of Maryland University College, you can pursue Bioinformatics, Biotechnology Management, BTPS in Biotechnology, and MS in Biotechnology Studies. The MS in biotechnology studies program gives you a thorough foundation in management and policy issues which are unique to the biotechnology industry. You will have a greater understanding of the technologies in use in the biotechnology industry. Stanford University offers Master of Science in Biomedical Informatics, Certificate in Bioinformatics, and Computational Genomics Certificate Program.





By: Timmyandreuje

This interview is an excerpt from Kevin Gianni’s The Healthiest Year of Your Life, which can be found at http://thehealthiestyearofyour life.com. In this excerpt, Richard DiCenso shares on the unique Matrix Assessment Profile.

The Healthiest Year of Your Life with Richard DiCenso, a leading authority on whole person therapy and author of Exploring A New Way of Thinking.

Kevin: Well, why don’t you tell us a little bit about yourself and how you got from being a medical doctor to finding this book, Beyond Medicine, that there was more out there than what we think.

Richard: Well, part of my frustration was in my training, because I went from discipline to discipline to discipline over a period of years and it included everything from medicine to chiropractic to forensics to acupuncture to trauma rehabilitation, human biochemistry and nutrition and what I found is that every discipline was that there was a formula to a recipe approach and when I started looking at people with symptoms and looking at the different disciplines I found that each discipline had their own approach to the same symptoms, but none of the disciplines attempted to identify the cause of the symptoms and that’s when I stepped back from all the disciplines and started to look at what is it that all of these symptoms have in common and in the final analysis in its simplest form, I found that all symptoms are simply symptoms, that they are just the net result of an imbalance, or deficiency that’s progress over a period of time to exhibit itself as symptoms and in a worst-case scenario, a diagnosable the thieves.

Kevin: So for instance, fibromyalgia is a symptom of –

Richard: Some imbalance or deficiency. It can be a different one for each person. That’s interesting part of it, because if there were a simple cause-and-effect, we’d have it already and there would be a cure.

Kevin: Okay.

Richard: It is a name for a group of symptoms that a number of people are experiencing. They come in complaining of the same thing, so they’ve narrowed it down to being diagnosable. If you have, I think, it’s 18 tender points of different parts of the body then you get the diagnosis fibromyalgia, which means what?

Kevin: I don’t know.

Richard: Right and that’s what I’m saying is that’s how a lot of medicine is conducted, is they’re telling you what they’re telling them, using a different word.

Kevin: Got you.

Richard: So my elbow hurts and so if you’ve got arthritis. You got tendinitis. You’ve got degenerative or rheumatoid arthritis. You have whatever, but basically they’re going to use a word that means what it is that you’re telling them without really describing what’s caused what you’re experiencing and therefore, if you can’t identify a cause, you can’t affect a cure.

Kevin: So it’s kind of like making up words.

Richard: It’s a lot like making up words. It’s very similar to what the pharmaceutical companies do with the ad agencies in New York. One of my clients has a large advertising agency in New York and 20% of his business is from pharmaceutical companies and his job is to come up with a name for a drug that they discovered that relieves certain groups of symptoms and so they sit in a brainstorming session for a few days and they come up with something that is catchy and can have an acronym associated with it that rolls off the tongue that people can remember and basically it’s we’ve got a new pill now and we need a disease to go with it.

Kevin: Wow. So how do you go backwards from a symptom to the actual imbalance?

Richard: That’s a great point and I’m a simple guy in the final analysis. So I had to come up with a simple process that I could understand and communicate so that the people I’m working with could become proactive in the process, instead of just looking to me for the answer and kind of help me find the answer. So the answer to your question in a sentence is always start where you are. So that’s the beauty of the Matrix Assessment Profile, which is a protocol that I’ve developed over a period of years based on research produced by NASA to monitor the health of the Apollo astronauts and the Matrix Assessment Profile means that we’re assessing the matrix. Now, I don’t want to do the same things with the words here that these doctors are doing with these diagnoses. So there’s a method to the madness and there’s a reason behind this name. So an assessment of the matrix means that we’re looking at more than just the symptoms that you’re describing to me. We’re looking at the potential causes for that symptom or group of symptoms within the human matrix, which is composed of structural, biochemical and a cycle of emotional or virtual realm that all interacts 24/7 to produce the experiences we have in life and so the Matrix Assessment Profile is an assessment of all of those realms. What do you do for a living? What kind of stress are you experiencing? What do you eat? What percentage of your diet is raw? How often do you eat out? How much water do you drink? Do you take supplements? How much sleep you get? What kind of spiritual beliefs do you have? These are all things that will contextually interact to produce symptoms as part of the human matrix.

Kevin: So the matrix is all the different things that are around you. Let me ask you this question. Is the matrix outside of you, or inside of you, or is it is a combination of all of that?

Richard: It’s very similar to the concept of zero point energy. It’s the creative and life-sustaining force that contributes to the expression of everything in existence and maintains everything in existence. So the answer is that it’s both inside and out.

Kevin: Okay. That’s pretty cool. Now, you’ve seen over your time different elements that contribute to physical symptoms.

Richard: Yes.

Kevin: What are some of those? I know some of them are listed in your book. Can we just run over one or two or three of them? Richard: Obviously, if you are in an automobile accident and you experience physical pain, then the cause-and-effect is relatively straightforward, although the reason for the accident may not be as easy to understand, but we won’t go there yet. That’s part of another realm, but then you experience physical symptoms and particularly if you don’t know why you’re experiencing them then, that’s where we start with the analysis, is where you’re experiencing the symptoms. So I’m experiencing physical pain. We look at the physical structure. It can be associated with repetitive movements, prolonged positional stress. It can be associated with a nutritional deficiency, or it could be associated with some kind of cycle or emotional imbalance or inconsistency that expresses itself as a physical symptom. For instance, a child that doesn’t want to go to school, because he’s being bullied gets this horrendous stomach ache and they take him to the doctor and they can’t find anything, but they put him on bed rest and it becomes a recurrent experience, a physical experience and then over time it is identified and dealt with, it will lead to other forms of behavior and other physical experiences and things are just going to be unsolvable, because they’re looking in the wrong place for the source of the physical pain or discomfort or symptoms.

Kevin: Wow. That’s an incredible explanation of how it all works. How do you assess that, though, with modern or conventional medicine?

Richard: Well, once again, you always rule out the obvious. So most of the people who come to me have already been through all the conventional analysis and there are two ways to use conventional medicine at this point in trying to determine what’s causing those symptoms. One is to have the test done, because you don’t want to miss anything obvious, like a virus or IBS or irritable bowel syndrome, or celiac spruce. Some of the organic dysfunctions that can produce similar functions, you don’t want to miss those. Once you’ve had the test done and their negative, the next that the process is to look at those tests and see if they come back normal, are there elements within those results that are high normal and low normal, because these are just as powerful to a tool in terms of determining a pattern in the process of developing an imbalance in the process of developing a deficiency in the process of developing by looking at highs and lows in related chemistries and then if that’s there, then we use that as an initial tool to start normalizing biochemistry. If that’s not there, then next step in the process is let me look at the Matrix. Let me look at the relationship between the child and the parents. Let me talk with a child. Let me ask some very explicit questions to the child that seem like I’m having a dialogue, but they’re really designed to elicit responses that would be consistent with an imbalance in the emotional realm, so that I can either implement some treatment myself or recommend a course of treatment with a child psychologist or someone that might be more skilled in one or more of the areas that I’m not. So my role isn’t necessarily to solve the problem of the symptoms, but to solve the problem, which may involve other people that I need to interface with professionally.

Kevin: Have you found that nutritional deficiencies can cause emotional behavior and emotional reactions?

Richard: About 80% of the emotional symptoms that I see have a nutritional basis.

Kevin: Wow.

Richard: So it’s huge.

Kevin: When the nutritional deficiency is addressed, then that goes away?

Richard: Yes, because again, you’re dealing with a symptom that appears to be emotional and if you treat it with pharmaceuticals, you treat with therapy and it doesn’t get any better and you’re missing the obvious, which is nutritional imbalance or deficiency, then you’ve served no purpose.

Kevin: Wow.

Richard: So think about it this way, Kevin. One of the issues we have in this country is that the soil is depleted of vital nutrients. The last senate document I saw said that there were only three minerals left in the soil in this country and so if the nutrients aren’t in soil, they’re not in the food and if they’re not the food, they’re not in the diet. If they’re not in the diet, they’re not in the body and the body was designed to operate in function on all of these nutrients. So it’s a supply and demand problem. If the demands are that the lungs keep pumping and oxygen is delivered to the cells and the bowels move and the heart pumps blood and all of the other systems work the way they were designed and there are not enough raw materials to go round, the body has to begin to compromise function and prioritize the use of the raw materials that are available, which then sets up a whole chain of events over a period of time based on a law of accumulation, which means it that if something is done repetitively of a period of time, there’s going to be a reaction to that given the fact that there is an insufficient supply to meet the demand for that function.

Kevin: It sounds so logical.

Richard: It is.





By: Kevin Gianni

Did you know that you do not need to dig in the earth to obtain important skin care information? Yet you do need to do some digging to obtain the source of one possible ingredient for a vitalizing product. Are you curious to know what that ingredient is? If so, then read the skin care info in this article.

Meanwhile, keep in mind that a lack of online skin care information did not keep your mother or grandmother from finding and using effective skin care products. In fact, even ancient civilizations recognized the extent to which certain plants could contribute to the implementation of good care practices. Some of that ancient knowledge has made its way into our modern-day, online skin care info.

Check out, for example, the online information about Echinacea, green tea and ginseng. According to the posted information on some websites, those three plants contain substances that can help to treat infections, boost the body’s immune system and provide the body with a valuable energy reserve.

Some products that can furnish the body with a vital skin care treatment enhance or stimulate the natural biochemistry of the skin cells. Some of those products contain beta carotene. Biochemists count on diggers to provide them with a common source of beta carotene. That source is Bugs Bunny’s favorite food-the carrot.

Biochemical reactions in endothelial cells manage to convert beta carotene into Vitamin A. Vitamin A has antioxidant properties. Vitamin A helps to repair damage caused by free radicals in the skin.

Selenium, too, helps to protect the skin. Like beta carotene, selenium plays a role in the completion of a certain enzymatic reaction, a reaction that changes the biochemistry of the skin. Whenever cells on the outermost part of the body contain selenium, then those cells can not be harmed by exposure to ultra violet rays. Skin that contains sufficient amounts of selenium has a decreased chance for developing skin cancer.

While it is good to know all of the above skin care information, no thinking user of skin care treatments would fail to tell a physician that he or she depended on healthful supplements. If a physician does not know all the relevant skin care info about a patient, he or she might prescribe a medication that could interact with a particular supplement. Such an interaction could produce unwanted health problems.

Of course, not all skin care products contain supplements. Some have substances that can stimulate skin cells to produce collagen and elastin. Why should older adults give serious thought to using such a product?

Collagen and elastin are proteins, proteins that can be found in all healthy skin cells. Because collagen has fiber-like characteristics, it acts like a tight rope inside a cell. It makes the cell strong and firm.

Yet aging cells often loose their ability to make collagen. In the absence of collagen, such cells begin to wrinkle and sag. An effective treatment for those aging cells would stimulate the production of collagen. Such a treatment would also need to stimulate the production of elastin.

Like collagen, elastin is a protein. Whenever cells contain an adequate amount of elastin, those cells display a natural flexibility. When cells containing elastin become pulled or stretched then those cells have the ability to return to their original position on the body.

The most important skin care information in this article concerns the best source of collagen and elastin. Collagen and elastin made within in a living cell is most apt to determine the characteristics of that cell. By using a skin care aid that stimulates the production of collagen and elastin, one can restore the lost characteristics of the skin, the characteristics that give it a “youthful glow.”





By: Laurel Levine

 

Pancreas and bile in the human body can be figuratively in good or in very bad relationship.They can be the friends in healthy situation, but can be worst enemy causing diseases of each other.

They have much similarity: without both pancreatic juice and bile we cannot digest the food, especially fat.

Bile and pancreatic juice both have a big amount of minerals and bicarbonates and in normal condition are alkaline.

Both bile and pancreatic juice go to the duodenum (beginning of small intestine) using special pathways: bile and pancreatic ducts. They merge each other before entering the duodenum and mix of pancreatic juice and bile enter in the duodenum throughout special valve called sphincter Oddi.

Negative changing of the biochemistry of bile or pancreatic juice, structure of ducts, possible back ups of these fluids can lead to diseases, some of them fatal.

There are simple examples. Pancreatic cancer causes severe damage of liver because the tumor squeezes the bile duct, developing back up of bile.

From another hand, if the bile is entered to the pancreatic duct, it causes activation of pancreatic enzymes inside the pancreas and severe damages of pancreatic cells (pancreatitis).

As it turned out, bile is the main point of pancreatic health. Practically, bile can cause lots of problems for pancreas, because bile can be easy getting toxic, acidic, very aggressive and can corrode tissue and cells. In this case, bile changes its biochemistry composition and normal pathway. Doctors called this condition - bile reflux. Aggressive bile can make inflammation and ulcers.

When the bile throws back to the stomach, it causes ulcers and gastritis (inflammation of the stomach). Some scientists consider that aggressive bile can even throw highly up causing the damage of the esophagus.

As was talked before, when the aggressive bile throws back to the pancreatic duct, it causes blockage of the duct, that drains digestive enzymes from the pancreas, leading to inflammation of pancreas - pancreatitis. The pancreatic juice contains the digestive enzymes which are inactive. Just a little bile can activate them and digestive enzymes start to digest their own pancreas inside the pancreatic duct - self-digestion.

Toxic, acidic, solid bile with gallbladder stones may obstruct the bile ducts and spasms of valve between the bile, pancreatic ducts and small intestine (duodenum). These stones can be very small like sand or large and can make blockage of moving of bile, increasing the pressure into pancreatic duct and back up the pancreatic juices, which collect digestive enzymes.   The pancreatic digestive enzymes, which trapped inside, start to digest their own pancreatic cells causing congestion, inflammation, pain, cysts and finally death of tissue of pancreas gland.

The main reason to make bile aggressive is deficiency of minerals, microelements and bicarbonates, which cause the acidosis and changing of biochemistry of bile. Whole body acidity is caused by acid formed food, bad food combination, big fatty meals, processed products without good quality and quantity of minerals, microelements and bicarbonates, and dehydration are main factors to make the bile toxic, acidic, solid and very aggressive as well. 

From another hand, our organism is bombarded every day by myriads of harmful chemicals from food, water, air and toxins from inside or outside of our body. Liver removes the toxins from our body by moving the fat-soluble wastes into the bile and then to the small and large intestines out from body. More toxins are in our body - more toxins go to the bile.

The worst enemy for the liver and bile is alcohol. Thus, it is not wonder, alcohol abuse is number one factor leading to pancreatitis. Unfortunately, there are many parasites, especially one cell organisms, which also create toxicity and inflammation of bile ducts. According to scientific evidence, Candida-yeast overgrow can be a big reason for bile to be acidic, toxic and aggressive.

Even the small problems with bile and/or pancreas are a huge signal to change the life style and focus on liver and bile health. Some of the healing modalities may be very helpful such as:

Healing Diet. Herbal Medicine. Nutritional Supplementation. Acupuncture. Drinking Healing Mineral Water made from the Genuine Karlovy Vary Thermal Spring Salt. Therapeutic Exercises and Point Massage. Restoration of friendly intestinal flora, etc.

The positive changing in the biochemistry of bile, enhance the production and promote the elimination of bile are very beneficial for people even with small gastro intestinal problems. Doing this is a slowly process which require supervision of knowledgeable health professionals.

 

The information on this article is presented for educational, informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for the diagnosis, treatment and advice of a qualified licensed professional.





By: Peter Melamed Lic.Ac,RN, Ph.D

An Online Chemistry Degree will give you a vast range of career options. You can get a degree in this fascinating field of study online conveniently. The field of chemistry is vast and has numerous areas of specialization like materials, physical, organic, inorganic, nano-science, environmental, and biological chemistry.

It takes four years to complete a bachelor’s degree in chemistry. The undergraduate degrees feature fundamental chemistry courses including physics, mathematics, and biology. An online chemistry degree will help you get jobs in the chemical industry in entry-level positions. You can also teach high school level chemistry classes too. If you want to research at a pharmaceutical, university or biotechnology firm, you need a master’s or Ph.D. degree in chemistry.

The 4-year college degree can help you get admission to advanced degree programs (e.g., graduate school, law school, medical school). You need at least 18 graduate credit hours to teach in college. Some of the career options in chemistry include environmental law, space exploration, plastics industry, military systems, agro-chemistry, technical writing, oceanography, metallurgy, ceramics industry, medicine

The online degrees help you to save a lot of time and costs. After completing a degree, you have career options in the private and public sectors. The Chemistry degrees are available from associate to doctoral levels. The associate degree will prepare you in basic lab assistance work, including handling and cleaning equipments. The bachelor’s degree will help you in developing skills in chemical analysis which will also give you job opportunities in the lab. The graduate and doctoral level can help you in running a lab and participate in research and teaching in colleges.

The curriculum for a chemistry degree includes Precalculus, Calculus I, Calculus II, Biochemistry, General Physics, Inorganic Chemistry, and English Composition. A number of colleges and universities offer online chemistry degrees. The Department of Biological, Chemical and Physical Sciences at the Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT) offer many degrees like Master of Chemistry in Analytical Chemistry and Master of Chemistry in Materials and Chemical Synthesis.

The online graduate certificate programs are available in Spectroscopy, Synthesis and Characterization of Organic Materials, Chromatography, Synthesis and Characterization of Inorganic Materials, Analytical Methods Development, and Characterization of Inorganic and Organic Materials.

Master of Science in Industrial Chemistry - Forensic Science Track is offered at the University of Central Florida. This program focuses on biochemistry and DNA which can help supervisory personnel in the DNA department of crime laboratories. The Oregan State University offers general chemistry and organic chemistry courses.





By: Gauravkasera

If your penis is smaller than you would like, it makes sense to look for ways to make it bigger. That’s exactly what I did and I was lucky enough to come across something called natural enhancement. You hear so many horror stories of people who’ve tried other products where things have gone wrong, and yet, you will never read any horror stories about the natural approach - because there aren’t any! The very fact that it looks at growth from a natural point is completely unique and it’s also the reason why it works so well. I used this technique and I added 4 inches to my manhood in only 4 weeks - you could easily acheive this too…

How can you make your penis bigger?

Using natural enhancement puts you in the best position for growth. It works by using a combination of biochemistry and exercise and I have to same that the first one is the most important. Getting your biochemistry correct is vital to seeing growth and, to help, we use the guideline that puberty has already set out.

Puberty explained

Puberty is the one time in a man’s life when his body grows rapidly, all by itself. Restarting this growth is the only real way to add inches - and any good doctor will tell you the same. This is the reason why most other products fail - they do absolutely nothing to sort out your internal biochemistry. The trick is to restructure your body so that it matches exactly how it used to be back when you were a teenager, that way you will fool it into thinking it needs to produces all the same biochemicals again. And it is these biochemicals that are responsible for all the growth.

How can you get your body to produce biochemicals again?

The simplest way to do this is by using a natural enhancement plan. After that, you can also use daily exercises to accelerate the rate at which you grow - trust me, it really does work! That’s what I did and I was amazed at the results - I now feel better than ever with my 8 inch penis and you could too!





By: Lee Tanner

The modern era societies have great concern about the health of their people, so they are engaged with multi disciplinary team work of physicians, pharmacists, nurses and others to optimise better health care delivery for boosting up the health of their public.  The profession of Pharmacy has evolved from its traditional role of compounding the drugs to the pharmaceutical care, the design and development of magic drugs and their formulations and the ongoing research in medical and pharmaceutical fields to counteract the needs of the modern society. The Department of Pharmacy at the University of Lahore has been established to provide education in basic health needs of the modern era, to achieve the goals of enriching ourselves in a fast flowing stream of knowledge via electronic or audio-visual aid and to prepare professionals of matching caliber. The rigor of our academic programme, the selection of modern courses, teaching faculty and access to state of the art facilities at our campus will add prestige and recognition to the degree, we will be awarding to our students.

Mission

The mission of Department of Pharmacy is to educate and train the people for present as well as for future concern so that they become useful and productive members of health care team, thus, serving the needs of the society in a best possible way. The Department of Pharmacy is committed to provide an environment of academic excellence and research, and social responsibilities that facilitate the propagation and acquisition of knowledge and skills related to the profession of pharmacy and the disciplines in pharmacy education.

Goals: We desire to be recognized as a leader in Pharmacy education through:

1. Achieving competency in pharmacy curriculum by maintaining ethical and professional standards.

2. Preparing the pharmacy graduates by giving through knowledge, skills, motivation and professional attitude to the proper and rational use of drugs, now and in the future.

3. Promoting an environment to support research in basic

scientific training to the students in pursuing career as professional pharmacists, researchers, managers and academicians. and applied pharmaceutical & medical sciences, to advance pharmaceutical knowledge, to encourage fundamental drugs discovery and finally the attainment of advanced degrees.

4. Exploring concerns common to pharmacy and allied professions for the purpose of promoting efficient distribution and utilization of health related services.

5. Developing and maintaining high quality education programs which enable the Department of Pharmacy to:

a. Provide traditional and non-traditional educational avenues for advanced professional and academic degree studies.

b. Improve public perception of pharmacy practice

c. Increase public awareness of drugs

Scope of Pharmacy

Community / Retail Pharmacy: This area involves the practice of pharmacy in community settings or retail outlets. Pharmacists, in the community settings, are actively involved in educating patients, maintaining and monitoring drug records and providing information resource of the highest caliber. This is very rapidly growing area of pharmacy profession in which the pharmacists are deployed at store levels leading to the management positions in chain drug pharmacies or themselves become the owner of their own pharmacies.

Hospital and Other Institutional Settings: The expansion of health care needs of the society puts the hospital pharmacists in a position to have direct involvement in patient care besides its established roles of control, supply and distribution of drugs, management functions, personnel administration, system development and planning. Hospital pharmacists continue to become more involved in providing patient-oriented services; the demand for practishnors in this area of pharmacy continues to grow.

Managed Care Pharmacy: Managed care pharmacy services are the extended health delivery system services that provides the pharmaceutical care at the primary / or preventive level. Increasingly, pharmacists are employed in various capacities within managed care organizations (MCQs). Managed care is a system designed to optimize patient care and outcomes and foster quality through greater coordination of medical and pharmaceutical services.

Pharmaceutical Industry: Another career option in pharmacy is represented by the pharmaceutical industry. Here, pharmacists are employed in manufacturing, product development / research, quality control, marketing, sales and administration. Many pharmacists obtain a postgraduate degree in order to meet the technical demands and scientific duties required in pharmaceutical manufacturing.

Academic Pharmacy: Approximately 500 full- time faculty members work in the nation’s Faculty or Departments of Pharmacy, while in a developed country like USA; this figure is more than 3000. They are involved with teaching, research, public service and patient care. Becoming a member of the faculty at an Institute / Department / Faculty of Pharmacy usually requires a Postgraduate degree. After graduation, only few

pharmacists exercise the option to teach, hence there, currently exists a shortage, creating an array of excellent professional opportunities.

Other Fields in Pharmacy: Pharmacists use their basic educational background in a host of federal, state and professional positions. At the federal or provincial level, pharmacists hold posts like drug inspectors, drug controllers, pharmacists / chief pharmacists at drug testing laboratories and also as Commissioned Officers in Pakistan Armed Forces. Pharmacists with interest and special talents in organizational work also guide several national professional associations. There are pharmacist in advertising, packaging, technical writing, magazine editing and science reporting. There are pharmacists with legal training serving as patent lawyers or as experts in pharmaceutical law.

Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm D)

 

 

Admissions

Application for admission to the Pharm-D. program in Pharmacy will be made to the Head of Pharmacy Department, The University of Lahore. An applicant should possess F.Sc. (Pre-medical) certificate or equivalent from any recognized college of the country / B.Sc Chemistry, Botany, Zoology from recognized Institute in 2nd division. There will be an aptitude/ entrance test for each applicant and the admission will be decided after the interview. Application forms should be submitted by the applicant along with official transcripts from the institutions last attended, test scores and three letters of recommendation. Letters are sent directly to the Head of Pharmacy Department. For more information about admission to Departmental Programs, please consult the admission office or contact Student Services at 042-5411901 ext. 317

Examination System

The five years Pharm-D degree program will be conducted under Annual system of examination. There will be 1st annual examination after the end of each professional year followed by 2nd annual examination of that year. The candidate will be required to pass all the theory and practical papers separately by obtaining 50% of the marks. The students will have to clear professional exam in four consecutive examinations including 1st annual exam fixed for that class. In extraordinary cases students may be allowed 5th chance to clear his/her professional exam by the Rector of the University on the recommendation of the head of department.

If in the first professional class he/she does not clear all the subjects of first professional exam in maximum five attempts he/she ceased to be the students of University. However he/she will be eligible for re admission.

Academic Regulation

Eligibility

F.Sc with Pre-Medical or Equivalent B.Sc with Chemistry, Botany, Zoology from a recognized Institute in 2nd division.

Improvement of Division

Any subject in which a student may have enlisted more than once is considered a repeat course. With the permission of the Advisor programs, a student may enlist in the course(s) for marks improvement. The marks obtained in the said course shall be counted towards degree requirements at the time of Graduation.

Attendance: 80% attendance is essential for each student to sit in the final professional examination. It carries 10% credit marks, which will be accumulated in the finals of each year.

Promotion of the Failed students in Professional Examination: A student will only be provisionally promoted to the next higher class if he/she has failed in two subjects of the 2nd and onward professional examinations. If he does not pass even after availing three chances he/she will be reverted back to lower class.

Assignments / Test / Tutorials / teachers assessment: Assignments / tests are given after completion of each topic in every subject. These topics are then subjected to discussion in class tutorials and then the relevant teacher assesses the knowledge and participation from each student. These carry 15% of total marks.

Duration of program: The program shall be spread over a period of five professional years.

First Professional Pharm-D

Semester 1

Pharmaceutical Chemistry-I

(Organic-I) [Th.}

Pharmaceutical Chemistry-I

(Organic-I (Lab.]

Pharmaceutical Biochemistry-I [Th.]

Pharmaceutical Biochemistry-I [Lab.]

Pharmaceutics-I (Physical Pharmacy-I [Th.]

Pharmaceutics-I (Physical Pharmacy-I [Lab.]

Physiology & Histology-I [Th.]

Physiology & Histology-I [Lab.]

Anatomy

Pharmaceutical Mathematics

Semester 2

Pharmaceutical Chemistry-II (Organic-II) [Th.]

Pharmaceutical Chemistry-II (Organic-II) [Lab.]

Pharmaceutical Biochemistry-II [Th.]

Pharmaceutical Biochemistry-II) [Lab.]

Pharmaceutics-II (Physical Pharmacy-II) [Th.]

Pharmaceutics-II {Physical Pharmacy-II) [Lab.]

Physiology & Histology-II [Th.]

Physiology & Histology-II [Lab.]

Biostatistics

Secomd Professional Pharm-D

Semester 1

Pharmaceutics-III (Pharmaceutical Preparations-1) [Th.]

Pharmaceutics-III (Pharmaceutical Prparatins-1) [Lab.]

Pharmacology & Therapeutics-1 (General-1) [Th.]

Pharmacology & Therapeutics-1 (General-1) [Lab.]

Pharmacognosy-1 [Th.]

Pharmacognosy-1 [Lab.]

Pharmaceutical Microbiology-1 [Th.]

Pharmaceutical Microbiology-1 [Lab.]

Pakistan Studies

Semester 2

Pharmaceutics-IV (Pharmaceutical Preparations-II) [Th.]

Pharmaceutics-IV (Pharmaceutical Preparations-II) [Lab.]

Pharmacology & Therapeutics-II (General-II [Th.]

Pharmacology & Therapeutics-II (General-II) [Lab.]

Pharmacognosy –II [Th.]

Pharmacognosy-II [Lab.]

Pharmaceutical Microbiology -II [Th.]

Pharmaceutical Microbiology-II [Lab.]

Islamiat

Third Professional Pharm-D

Semester 1

Pathology [Th.]

Pathology [Lab.]

Pharmacology & Therapeutics-1II (Systemic Pharmacology-1) [Th.]

Pharmacology & Therapeutics-III (Systemic Pharmacology-1) [Lab.]

Pharmacognosy-III [Th.]

Pharmacognosy-III [Lab.]

Pharmaceutical Chemistry-III (Instrumentation-I [Th.]

Pharmaceutical Chemistry-III (Instrumentation-I [Lab.]

Pharmaceutics-V (Dispensing Pharmacy) [Th.]

Pharmaceutics-V (Dispensing Pharmacy) [Lab.]

Semester 2

Computer and its Applications in Pharmacy [Th.]

Computer and its Applications in Pharmacy [Lab.]

Pharmacology & Therapeutics-IV (Systemic Pharmacology-II) [Th.]

Pharmacology & Therapeutics-IV (Systemic Pharmacology-II) [Lab.]

Pharmacognosy –IV [Th.]

Pharmacognosy-IVI [Lab.]

Pharmaceutical Chemistry –IV (Instrumentation-II) [Th.]

Pharmaceutical Chemistry-IV (Instrumentation-II) [Lab.]

Pharmaceutics-VI (Community Pharmacy) [Th.]

Fourth Professional Pharm-D

Semester 1

Pharmaceutics-VII (Hospital Pharmacy-I) [Th.]

Pharmaceutics-VIII (Clinical Pharmacy-I) [Th.]

Pharmaceutics-VIII (Clinical Pharmacy-I) [Lab.]

Pharmaceutics-IX (Industrial Pharmacy-I) [Th.]

Pharmaceutics-IX (Industrial Pharmacy-I) [Lab.]

Pharmaceutics-X (Bio Pharmaceutics-I) [Th.]

Pharmaceutics-X (Bio Pharmaceutics0I) [Lab.]

Pharmaceutics-XI (Pharmaceutical Quality Management-I) [Th.]

Pharmaceutics-XI (Pharmaceutical Quality Management-I) [Lab.]

Semester 2

Pharmaceutics-VII (Hospital Pharmacy-II) [Th.]

Pharmaceutics-VIII (Clinical Pharmacy-II) [Th.]

Pharmaceutics-VIII (Clinical Pharmacy-II) [Lab.]

Pharmaceutics-IX (Industrial Pharmacy-II) [Th.]

Pharmaceutics-IX (Industrial Pharmacy-II) [Lab.]

Pharmaceutics-X (Bio Pharmaceutics-II) [Th.]

Pharmaceutics-X (Bio Pharmaceutics-II) [Lab.]

Pharmaceutics-XI (Pharmaceutical Quality Management-II) [Th.]

Pharmaceutics-XI (Pharmaceutical Quality Management-II) [Lab.]

Fifth Professional Pharm-D

Semester 1

Pharmaceutical Chemistry-V (Medicinal-I) [Th.]

Pharmaceutical Chemistry-V (Medicinal-I) [Lab.]

Pharmaceutics-XVII (Clinical Pharmacy-III) [Th.]

Pharmaceutics-XVII (Clinical Pharmacy-III) [Lab.]

Pharmaceutics-XVIII (Pharmaceutical Technology-I) [Th.]

Pharmaceutics-XVIII (Pharmaceutical Technology-I) [Lab.]

Pharmaceutics-XIX (Forensic Pharmacy-I) [Th.]

Pharmaceutics-XX (Pharmaceutical Management & Marketing-I) [Th.]

Semester 2

Pharmaceutical Chemistry-V (Medicinal-II) [Th.]

Pharmaceutical Chemistry-V (Medicinal-II) [Lab.]

Pharmaceutics-XVII (Clinical Pharmacy-IV) [Th.]

Pharmaceutics-XVII (Clinical Pharmacy-IV) [Lab.]

Pharmaceutics-XVIII (Pharmaceutical Technology-II) [Th.]

Pharmaceutics-XVIII (Pharmaceutical Technology-II) [Lab.]

Pharmaceutics-XIX (Forensic Pharmacy-II) [Th.]

Pharmaceutics-XX (Pharmaceutical Management & Marketing-II) [Th.]

Doctor of Pharmacy - Condensed (Pharm-D)

Condensed course for Pharm-D is offered to those who have completed B. Pharmacy degree with 4 years course. This condense course consists of two semesters each of six months comprising of the following subjects

Anatomy biopharmaceutics, Biostatistics, clinical pharmacy, Community Pharmacy computer and its application in Pharmacy, instrumentations, Pathology Pharmaceutical Quality Management Pharmaceutical Technology. Pharmacy management and Marketing.

Objectives: The main objective is to train pharmacists and equip them with necessary competencies and skills in the art and science of preparing and dispensing medications as well as in the field of Clinical Pharmacy. In doing so, the program endeavors to provide up-to-date knowledge via Internet and rigorous. Other objectives are: Develop and apply their knowledge for safer and apt delivery of life saving drugs to the public. Understand nature of drug policies plans trends and to prevail the ethical drug practices. Clearly understand the meaning of cGMP, TQM, and standardization techniques and to practice it accordingly. Cultivate management skills in organization, planning, monitoring and evaluation relating to pharmaceutical industry and hospital design, conduct, analyze, interpret and communicate the results of pertinent studies and programs in the field of Pharmacy. Details are available from the department

Fee Structure

Doctor of Pharmacy (5 Years)

Fee Per Semester

Semester 1 - Rs. 56,700

Semester 2 - Rs. 54,000

Semester 3 - Rs. 51,300

Semester 4 - Rs. 51,300

Semester 5 - Rs. 51,300

Semester 6 - Rs. 54,000

Semester 7 - Rs. 51,300

Semester 8 - Rs. 51,300

Semester 9 - Rs. 48,600

Semester 10 - Rs. 48,600

Total Fee for ten semester 518,400

Admission & Registration Fee (one time) 25,000

Total Fee for programme 543,400





By: Mian Afaq Tariq

L-carnitine is amino acid essential for the metabolism of fats into a form of energy necessary for extended aerobic activity. Originally discovered in Russia, and Germany a year later, the structural formulation of carnitine, as it is correctly known, was determined in 1927, although it is physiological and biochemical activity was not understood until the 1960s.

The amino acid is biosynthesized in the liver and kidneys from lysine and methionine. The vitamins niacin, B6, C and iron are essential for this reaction to take place. However, the supply of L-carnitine has to be supplemented by the diet, good sources being dairy products, red meat, nuts and seeds, pulses and fruits such as apricots, bananas and avocado. Most of the L-carnitine supply of the body is stored within the muscle tissue. However, it is not unusual for conditions to arise making it difficult for the body to obtain all the carnitine required.

L-carnitine enables fatty acids to be transported into the mitochondria, where cell metabolism occurs. The biochemistry is discussed below, although in simple terms the amino acid allows body fats, in the form of triglycerides, to be made more readily available for the generation of energy required for extended exertion. In this way, body fats can be used for energy and the supplies of glycogen stored by the liver can be retained for emergency use.

By providing the energy for endurance and stamina in this way, carnitine makes use of an otherwise unavailable energy source, and has the added benefit of reducing body fat stores and reducing strain on the heart.

Although there is generally a plentiful supply of L-carnitine available in a healthy diet, supplementation can ensure that a deficiency does not occur. Supplements are available in the form of L-carnitine or its acetylated derivative, acetyl L-carnitine.

In order for fatty acids to be used in the production of energy, their long-chain acetyl groups have to get inside the mitochondria where they are oxidized to the acetate to be used for the production of energy via the Citric Acid or Krebs cycle.

In order for the biochemistry to take place, fatty acids must be rendered suitable for binding to the carnitine molecule. The chemical grouping with a good affinity for L-carnitine is the acetyl or acetyl group, available in the molecule acetyl coenzyme A (CoA). The free fatty acid, therefore, is attached to coenzyme-A by means of a thioester bond, catalyzed by means of the enzyme fatty acetyl-CoA synthetase. The reaction is then completed by means of in organic pyrophosphatase.

In this way, the fatty acid in the form of an acetyL-carnitine derivative can be transported through the mitochondrial wall. This transportation takes place by means of several steps. These are:

1. As explained, the acetyl-CoA is attached to L-carnitine by means of the enzyme carnitine acetyltransferase I. This enzyme is conveniently located on the outer mitochondrial membrane.

2. The enzyme carnitine-acetylcarnitine translocase helps the acetyL-carnitine through the membrane.

3. Another enzyme, carnitine acetyltransferase II, located on the inner mitochondrial membrane, converts the acetyL-carnitine to acetyl-CoA, liberating the carnitine which returns to the muscle mass.

L-carnitine is the only known substance that allows fatty acids to cross the mitochondrial membrane, and therefore deficiencies must be avoided.

Another way in which carnitine is used in energy production is in the Krebs cycle itself. Part of this cycle involves the conversion of guanine diphosphate to the higher energy form guanine triphosphate. In this way energy can be stored in much the same way as it is in the conversion of ADP to ATP. Succinyl CoA is involved in this conversion, and one of the by-products of it is a corresponding succinate, that is then converted to a fumarate by the action of L-carnitine fumarate. Carnitine, therefore, has two parts to play in the production of long-term energy from the fatty acids contained in body fats.

Since the fatty acid triglycerides contained in body fats are a major source of energy in the heart and skeletal muscles, it is easy to understand how L-carnitine is believed to lead to the increased energy levels required for stamina and staying power. A major reason for its effect on longer-term or extended energy requirements is that in enabling stored body fats to be used for immediate and longer-term energy requirements, L-carnitine allows emergency glycogen stores to be retained for use once immediate fatty acid supplies or those of carnitine have been depleted, and so allows the energy supply to be extended even farther. Research has also suggested that the amino acid can possibly be used to treat liver and kidney disease, diabetes and chronic fatigue syndrome.

As with many supplements, the question is often asked how does L-carnitine work in practice as opposed to the claims made for it by the supplement providers? Recent research indicates mixed results, but sufficient to justify its use. It is generally accepted that a supplement is necessary when there is a deficiency, but once that deficiency has been corrected further intake is unnecessary. However, it is also believed that during long and extended periods of exercise a carnitine deficiency does occur as L-carnitine is used up, and the supplement is necessary to ensure sufficient energy supply throughout the period of exercise.

There has also been a case reported in the Journal of Clinical Neurology (Negoro, Tsuda, Kato & Morimatsu, 1995) where a deficiency, caused by anorexia nervosa damaging the liver to the extent that it was unable to synthesize L-carnitine, was remedied by means of an oral supplement. Studies on endurance athletes have been mixed, ranging from no effect to L-carnitine being found to promote weight loss.

Carnitine has no unknown harmful side effects, and has been studied for medical applications other than as an energy supplement. For example it possesses extensive antioxidant properties, and can be used as a supplement against oxidative stress and the prevention of the lipid peroxidation that is a precursor to atherosclerosis.

Its use in osteoporosis and reducing bone mass is also being studied. The concentration of L-carnitine diminishes with age, and affects fatty acid metabolism in a number of tissues. Bones are particularly affected since they require continuous reconstruction. Without detailing the biochemistry involved in this, administration of carnitine helps to reduce the speed by which this occurs. Trials are so far been carried out only on animals.

In studies on both healthy volunteers and patients with type II diabetes, L-carnitine was found to improve storage of glucose in both groups, although its oxidation increased only in the group with diabetes. Other studies carried out include improving the function of neurotransmitters in the brains of elderly patients and in the treatment of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, and other neurological disorders.

In conclusion then, although the jury is out on the use of L-carnitine is an energy-giving or weight-loss supplement, it appears to be effective where the body’s stores of carnitine could be depleted such as with long-term exercise, natural deficiencies or deficiencies caused through age. It is also under study in the treatment of various medical conditions. On balance, it would appear that the prospective benefits of L-carnitine render it worthy of use.





By: Darrell Miller